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An advantage in zebrafish is that we can identify spatial and temporal patterns of protein expression using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. To allow primary antibodies to interact with their targets, most tissues must undergo so...
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An advantage in zebrafish is that we can identify spatial and temporal patterns of protein expression using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. To allow primary antibodies to interact with their targets, most tissues must undergo some type of antigen retrieval. Many retrieval techniques have utilized protein-digesting enzymes to access antigens. Here we investigate the use of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) as the sole enzyme for antigen retrieval as well as in combination with low concentrations of proteinase K. Concentrations of proteinase K used with PLA(2) are unable to expose the antigen when used as the sole enzyme. We demonstrate that PLA(2) is useful for both nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens but not for extracellular matrix components.
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Sepsis is one of the most challenging health conditions worldwide, with relatively high incidence and mortality rates. It is shown that preventing sepsis is the key to avoid potentially irreversible organ dysfunction. However, dat...
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Sepsis is one of the most challenging health conditions worldwide, with relatively high incidence and mortality rates. It is shown that preventing sepsis is the key to avoid potentially irreversible organ dysfunction. However, data-driven early identification of sepsis is challenging as sepsis shares signs and symptoms with other health conditions. This paper adopts a temporal pattern mining approach to identify frequent temporal and evolving patterns of physiological and biological biomarkers in sepsis patients. We show that using these frequent patterns as features for classifying sepsis and non-sepsis patients can improve the prediction accuracy and performance up to 7%. Most of the temporal modeling approaches adopted in the sepsis literature are based on deep learning methods. Although these approaches produce high accuracy, they generally have limited model explainability and interpretability. Using the adopted methods in this study, we could identify the most important features contributing to the patients' sepsis incidence, such as fluctuations in platelet, lactate, and creatinine, or evolution of patterns including renal and metabolic organ systems, and consequently, enhance the findings' clinical interpretability.
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Previous sequential pattern mining studies have dealt with either point-based event sequences or interval-based event sequences. In some applications, however, event sequences may contain both point-based and interval-based events...
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Previous sequential pattern mining studies have dealt with either point-based event sequences or interval-based event sequences. In some applications, however, event sequences may contain both point-based and interval-based events. These sequences are called hybrid event sequences. Since the relationships among both kinds of events are more diversiform, the information obtained by discovering patterns from these events is more informative. In this study we introduce a hybrid temporal pattern mining problem and develop an algorithm to discover hybrid temporal patterns from hybrid event sequences. We carry out an experiment using both synthetic and real stock price data to compare our algorithm with the traditional algorithms designed exclusively for mining point-based patterns or interval-based patterns. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of our algorithm is satisfactory. In addition, the experiment also shows that the predicting power of hybrid temporal patterns is higher than that of point-based or interval-based patterns.
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Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (pollock hereafter) is a key ecological and economic species in the eastern Bering Sea, yet detailed synthesis of the spatial and temporal patterns of pollock ichthyoplankton in this important...
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Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (pollock hereafter) is a key ecological and economic species in the eastern Bering Sea, yet detailed synthesis of the spatial and temporal patterns of pollock ichthyoplankton in this important region is lacking. This knowledge gap is particularly severe considering that egg and larval distribution are essential to reconstructing spawning locations and early life stages drift pathways. We used 19 yr of ichthyoplankton collections to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of egg and larval distribution. Generalized additive models (GAMs) identified two primary temporal pulses of pollock eggs, the first occurring from 20 February to 31 March and the second from 20 April to 20 May; larvae showed similar, but slightly lagged, pulses. Based on generalized cross-validation and information theory, a GAM model that allowed for different seasonal patterns in egg density within three unique areas outperformed a GAM that assumed a single fixed seasonal pattern across the entire eastern Bering Sea. This 'area-dependent' GAM predicted the highest densities of eggs (i.e., potential spawning locations) in three major areas of the eastern Bering Sea: near Bogoslof Island (February-April), north of Unimak Island and the Alaska Peninsula (March-April), and around the Pribilof Islands (April-August). Unique temporal patterns of egg density were observed for each area, suggesting that pollock spawning may be more spatially and temporally complex than previously assumed. Moreover, this work provides a valuable baseline of pollock spawning to which future changes, such as those resulting from climate variability, may be compared.
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A new method of constructing classifiers from huge volume of temporal data is proposed in the paper. The novelty of introduced method finds expression in a multi-stage approach to build hierarchical classifiers that combines proce...
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A new method of constructing classifiers from huge volume of temporal data is proposed in the paper. The novelty of introduced method finds expression in a multi-stage approach to build hierarchical classifiers that combines process mining, feature extraction based on temporal patterns and constructing classifiers based on a decision tree. Such an approach seems to be practical when dealing with huge volume of temporal data. As a proof of concept a system for packet-based network traffic anomaly detection was constructed, where anomalies are represented by spatio-temporal complex concepts and called by behavioral patterns. Hierarchical classifiers constructed with the new approach turned out to be better than “flat” classifiers based directly on captured network traffic data.
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Spatial-temporal variation of the regulation and the kinetics of net nitrate (NO3 (-)) uptake rate (NNUR) along the tap root of Citrus aurantium L. were analysed. Suberin incrustation in the peripheral cell layers and plasma membr...
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Spatial-temporal variation of the regulation and the kinetics of net nitrate (NO3 (-)) uptake rate (NNUR) along the tap root of Citrus aurantium L. were analysed. Suberin incrustation in the peripheral cell layers and plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase localisation, anatomical and physiological factors involved in NO3 (-) uptake were also investigated. The results clearly indicated a spatially uniform distribution of the regulation process, accompanied by a temporal heterogeneous pattern of the kinetics of NO3 (-) uptake along citrus tap root. In particular, kinetic analysis had a biphasic pattern, saturating (high affinity transport system) and linear (low affinity transport system), in response to increasing external NO3 (-) concentrations in each root region, where 200 mu M NO3 (-) represented the threshold separating these two systems. Kinetic parameters, K (m) and V (max), clearly indicated that apical segments reached the maximum value of induction before basal segments. Hence, the apical root zones, early exhibiting the maximum of potential capacity to absorb the NO3 (-), could be considered more efficient than basal root segments for acquiring NO3 (-) from external solution. Suberin incrustations in the hypodermal cell layer, characterised by uniform fluorescence intensity among the root segments, could be responsible for the unchanged NNUR, while the PM H+-ATPase could explain the temporal pattern of NNUR.
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A detailed study of the distribution of egg masses of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and H. liturata Ball was done across a 2-yr period (20012003) on six host plants in southern California (Marsh grapefruit, Lisbon lemon, Washin...
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A detailed study of the distribution of egg masses of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and H. liturata Ball was done across a 2-yr period (20012003) on six host plants in southern California (Marsh grapefruit, Lisbon lemon, Washington navel, Dancy tangerine, rough lemon, and jojoba in Riverside; jojoba in Desert Center). The majority of egg masses in Riverside belonged to H. vitripennis (84100%), whereas in Desert Center, all Homalodisca egg masses were H. liturata. Oviposition in Riverside occurred in two discrete periods, a late winter and spring period (mid-February to late May), followed by a short interval of very low oviposition during most of June, and then a summer period (late June to late September) followed by a relatively long period of very low oviposition in fall and early winter (October to mid-February). Levels of oviposition during the late winter-spring period were similar to those during the summer despite an observed larger population of adults during the latter period. Moreover, egg clutch size for H. vitripennis was generally greater in spring than during summer and was generally higher than that for H. liturata, especially on Riverside jojoba. Larger egg clutch size was seen on grapefruit than on lemon, navel, and tangerine during summer. There appeared to be temporal host shifts in oviposition; most evident was the shift from relatively high rates of oviposition on lemon and tangerine in late winter-early spring to relatively higher rates of oviposition on grapefruit and navel during summer.
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Various data mining methods have been developed last few years for hepatitis study using a large temporal and relational database given to the research community. In this work we introduce a novel temporal abstraction method to th...
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Various data mining methods have been developed last few years for hepatitis study using a large temporal and relational database given to the research community. In this work we introduce a novel temporal abstraction method to this study by detecting and exploiting temporal patterns and relations between events in viral hepatitis such as "event A slightly happened before event B and B simultaneously ended with event C". We developed algorithms to first detect significant temporal patterns in temporal sequences and then to identify temporal relations between these temporal patterns. Many findings by data mining methods applied to transactions/graphs of temporal relations shown to be significant by physician evaluation and matching with published in Medline.
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Despite its importance, the temporal and spatial evolution of continental dynamic topography is poorly known. Australia’s isolation from active plate boundaries and its rapid northward motion within a hot spot reference frame mak...
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Despite its importance, the temporal and spatial evolution of continental dynamic topography is poorly known. Australia’s isolation from active plate boundaries and its rapid northward motion within a hot spot reference frame make it a useful place to investigate the interplay between mantle convection, topography, and drainage. Offshore, dynamic topography is relatively well constrained and can be accounted for by Australia’s translation over the mantle’s convective circulation. To build a database of onshore constraints, we have analyzed an inventory of longitudinal river profiles, which is sensitive to uplift rate history. Using independently constrained erosional parameters, we determine uplift rates by minimizing the misfit between observed and calculated river profiles. Resultant fits are excellent and calculated uplift histories match independent geologic constraints. We infer that western and central Australia underwent regional uplift during the last 50 Myr and that the Eastern Highlands have been uplifted in two stages. The first stage from 120 to 80 Ma, coincided with rifting along the eastern margin and its existence is supported by thermochronological measurements. A second stage occurred at 80–10 Ma, formed the Great Escarpment, and coincided with Cenozoic volcanism. The relationship between topography, gravity anomalies, and shear wave tomographic models suggest that regional elevation is supported by temperature anomalies within the lithosphere’s thermal boundary layer. Morphology and stratigraphy of the Eastern Highlands imply that these anomalies have been coupled to the base of the plate during Australia’s northward motion over the last 70 Myr.
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Here we present spatial-temporal patterns for European late Quaternary red deer (Cervus elaphus), based on radiocarbon-supported evidence derived mainly from archaeological sites. This is followed by an overview of the recent phyl...
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Here we present spatial-temporal patterns for European late Quaternary red deer (Cervus elaphus), based on radiocarbon-supported evidence derived mainly from archaeological sites. This is followed by an overview of the recent phylogeography of this species using haplogroup studies of recent molecular data. The implications of the synthesis of palaeontological and genetic data are discussed and we propose that present day European red deer haplogroup distributions are best explained against the history of late Quaternary population contractions into and expansions from glacial refugia. Around 800 records of Cervus elaphus were assigned to the period covering the later part of the Last Glacial and the Early to Middle Holocene. Red deer becomes increasingly visible in faunal assemblages dated to late OIS-3 (<40.0 ka C-14 BP). The species persisted throughout the LGM on the Iberian Peninsula, in adjacent regions of South-Western France (Gascony, Dordogne, Languedoc), on the Italian Peninsula, in the Balkans and Greece, and east of the Carpathians in Moldavia. We suggest that genetic exchange between the populations of the Balkans and the East of the Carpathians remained uninterrupted during the LGM. The expansion of red deer from its southern refugia into Central and Northern Europe begins rapidly at 12,500 14C BP. The expansion of red deer coincides with the sudden rise in temperature at the onset of Greenland Interstadial 1e and the dispersion of open birch woodland into the northern half of Europe. Radiocarbon supported records show a more or less universal distribution of Cervus elaphus across Europe following the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic change at 10.0ka C-14 BP for the first time. Molecular data and fossil record combined provide a clearer temporal and spatial pattern for the Lateglacial recolonisation process of the northern part of Europe
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